Testicular Cancer

What is testicular cancer?

Testicular cancer is cancer that begins in one or both testicles, or testes. It develops when cells multiply abnormally fast and eventually form a lump or tumour.

The testicles are two small oval-shaped organs that hang below the penis inside a scrotum pouch. They are part of the male reproductive system and produce sperm.

Usually, only one testicle is affected, but sometimes both are. The vast majority of testicular cancers start in the cells that develop into sperm, known as germ cells.

The two main types of germ cell tumours are:

  • Seminomas – slow-growing testicular cancers that are usually confined to your testes, but may spread to your lymph nodes.
  • Non-seminomas – faster-growing and more common testicular cancer that may spread to other parts of your body.

Some testicular cancer tumours are made of both seminoma and non-seminoma cells.

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